Title: The construction of Middle Eastern museology in the context of power–knowledge relationship Abstract: The museum has been an important instrument in the construction of the past since the nineteenth century. It has been a symbol of modernization as an institution built in all capitals in Europe from the nineteenth century. In terms of the Middle East, the museum has represented an institution that reflects development within the framework of modernization movements. Developing regional museums in this context has not only been used as a means of imperialist annexation but also, for local rulers, a means of attaining Western standards of modernity. In the first case, the construction of the museum is about revealing the construction of the past and emphasising the role played by the ancestors of Western power. In this study, the power–knowledge relationships behind the development of the museum as an institution in the Middle East is examined. Authors: Oytun Doğan¹ Publication order reference: ¹ Marmara University Cumhuriyet Museum and Art Gallery, Istanbul, Turkey, e-mail: oytun.dogan@marmara.edu.tr, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-5708 Source: Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, year: 2025, vol.: 13, issue: 2,  pages: 5–20. Key words: museum; Middle East; archaeology; memory; power–knowledge Language: English online full-text PDF doi: 10.46284/mkd.2025.13.2.1 Title: Social Media Boost During the Pandemic: A Statistical Approach to the Case of Lithuanian Museums Abstract: As a disease prevention measure during the COVID-19 pandemic, museums worldwide stopped accepting visitors and increased their digital activities as an alternative. This study examines the long-term impact of COVID-19 on social media usage by Lithuanian museums from 2019 to 2021. The research questions were: “Have levels of social media usage by museums increased since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic? If so, how has the content changed?” Statistical and content analyses of Facebook use by Lithuanian national and state museums from 2019 to 2021 revealed that social media posts increased. Quantitative analysis showed seasonal variations in activity, with a significant increase in September of each year. Qualitative analysis categorized posts into invitations to visit, publicising activities, interacting with visitors, announcements and statements. It was found that the museums mainly used social media for unidirectional information dissemination rather than interactive communication. Authors: Aya Kimura¹  Publication order reference: ¹ Department of Human Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan, e-mail: akimura@obihiro.ac.jp, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4109-5355 Source: Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, year: 2025, vol.: 13, issue: 2,  pages: 21–41. Keywords: museum communication; pandemic; social media; Lithuania Language: English online full-text PDF doi: 10.46284/mkd.2025.13.2.2 Title: Transformations of Exhibitions in War-Affected Ukraine: 2024 Perspectives on Art-Driven Inclusion and Socialization Abstract: This article explores the transformation of exhibition practices in Ukraine amidst the ongoing conflict, focusing on the period up to 2024. It examines the extensive damage to cultural monuments and museum collections caused by Russian aggression and highlights the adaptive strategies of Ukrainian cultural institutions. The study addresses the shift towards decolonisation, with museums increasingly prioritising Ukrainian and international artworks over Russian cultural displays. It also discusses the role of contemporary art forms, such as photography, in resisting and responding to the challenges of war. The paper also considers the emerging emphasis on accessibility for people with disabilities, driven by the growing number of people affected by war injuries. In addition, it highlights the importance of art therapy as a tool for psychological support, aiding in the emotional recovery of those affected by trauma. Through these lenses, the article highlights the resilience and innovation of Ukrainian cultural practices in the face of adversity. Author: Yulia Ivashko,¹ Aneta Pawłowska²  Publication order reference: ¹ Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Ukraine, e-mail: yulia-ivashko@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-9182 ² Department of Art History, University of Lodz, Poland, e-mail: aneta.pawlowska@uni.lodz.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-4403 Source: Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, year: 2025, vol.: 13, issue: 2,  pages: 43–63. Keywords: Ukraine; cultural heritage; art therapy; inclusion; decolonization Language: English online full-text PDF doi: 10.46284/mkd.2025.13.2.3 Title: Woodcarving in Podhale and the Phenomenon of the “School in Zakopane” Sculptures and Design Abstract: Zakopane woodcarving is perceived in a kind of suspension between ethnographic tradition (folk art) and artistic modernity. For almost 250 years now, the patriotic aspect of Podhale’s tangible culture has been an inseparable context of its evaluation. For the Polish people, Zakopane and the Tatra Mountains are a phenomenon which is permanently inscribed in the cultural heritage of their nation. Based on the contemporary state of research and current methodologies, the article aims to revise the methods of researching, interpreting and exhibiting Zakopane sculptures, both historical and contemporary. Authors: Katarzyna Chrudzimska-Uhera¹  Publication order reference: ¹ Institute of Art History, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland, e-mail: kasia.chrudzimska.uhera@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0001- 6283-4682 Source: Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, year: 2025, vol.: 13, issue: 2,  pages: 65–78. Keywords: Zakopane; Polish art of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; woodcarving; national style; folk art Language: English online full-text PDF doi: 10.46284/mkd.2025.13.2.4 Title: Natural and Anthropogenic Threats to Prehistoric Archaeological Sites in Southern Jordan: Comparison with Poland and a Call for the Exchange of Experiences Abstract: Jordan’s rich archaeological heritage, encapsulating crucial chapters of human history, faces unprecedented threats from both natural and anthropogenic factors. This article elucidates the various challenges besieging Jordan’s historical sites, ranging from climatic alterations to uninhibited urban expansion and intensified agricultural activities. Furthermore, it casts a spotlight on the detrimental impacts of mining activities, underscoring the urgent need for integrated conservation strategies. By fostering a symbiotic relationship between scientific research and practical conservation efforts, we advocate for a proactive approach to safeguard Jordan’s irreplaceable treasures for future generations, thereby fostering sustainable tourism and empowering local communities. The article also posits that community education and the promotion of sustainable tourism stand as vital tools in this pressing endeavour, beckoning a wider appreciation for Jordan’s affluent history and vibrant culture, while ensuring the endurance of its monumental legacy for ensuing generations. In the face of escalating threats for a large number of archaeological sites, fostering international collaboration is paramount. The article explores the potential of forging ties with Polish researchers, who bring a rich background of experience in the meticulous conservation and management of archaeological heritage. By engaging in a vibrant exchange of experiences and knowledge as well as innovative protective methodologies, there is an avenue to enhance the robustness of preservation strategies in place. This collaborative discourse not only promises fresh perspectives and solutions but also opens doors to capacity building through training and educational programmes dedicated to fragile archaeological relicts. Authors: Piotr Kołodziejczyk,¹ Mohammad Tarawneh,² Bellal Abuhelaleh,³ Marek Nowak,⁴ Michał Wasilewski⁵ Publication order reference: ¹Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Institute of Archaeology, Department of History, Gołębia 11 str, 31-007 Kraków, Poland, e-mail: pkolodzi@uj.edu.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-8663 ² Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Petra College for Tourism and Archaeology, Wadi Musa, Jordan, Ma’an, Postal Code: 71111, mohnaram_tara@yahoo.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-6092 ³ Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Petra College for Tourism and Archaeology, Wadi Musa, Jordan, Ma’an, Postal Code: 71111, e-mail: bellal.abuhelaleh@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4365-7670 ⁴ Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Institute of Archaeology, Department of History, Gołębia 11 str, 31-007 Kraków, Poland, e-mail: marekiauj.nowak@uj.edu.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7220-6495 ⁵ Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Institute of Archaeology, Department of History, Gołębia 11 str, 31-007 Kraków, Poland, e-mail: michal.wasilewski@uj.edu.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-2403 Source: Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, year: 2025, vol.: 13, issue: 2,  pages: 79–101. Keywords: archaeological heritage; Poland; Jordan; protection Language: English online full-text PDF doi: 10.46284/mkd.2025.13.2.5