Title: The life and death of windmills in central Poland: Between lost heritage and the heritage of memory Abstract: Windmills are one of the most complex human inventions of the pre-industrial era. Making use of wind energy to serve human needs was not only a miracle of architecture and technology: it produced silent witnesses of history – an important part of a rural landscape, local identity and folklore. Thanks to their multiple roles, windmills are useful research objects for scientists in various fields. In Poland the first written records of windmills date from the (many of them still fully operational) despite losses in the war. Today there are around 250 windmills under legal protection (around 70 of which were moved to open-air museums). This figure illustrates the vulnerability and progressive disappearance of Poland’s windmills. Despite the efforts made to protect this heritage, often the only remnants of such objects are the memories people living nearby. These memories join the present with the past, recall people and their work, and preserve the memory of an item. Windmills that have ceased to exist are still present in people’s collective remembering as a sum of their subjective experiences and impressions. In this paper, we decided to combine different approaches to the matter of heritage – both tangible and intangible. We argue for the importance of collecting recollections of ordinary people and interviews with eyewitnesses, as well as examples of institutional or private efforts made to protect windmills, to explain the equal value of both of these methods for preserving memories about the work and skills of millers – that is, the memory of a profession that was once a vital part of cultural identity. Authors: Piotrowski, Robert¹; Prarat, Maciej³; Mosakowski, Zachariasz²; Bartz, Wojciech⁴ Publication order reference: ¹Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Research into the Anthropocene, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, Kopernika 19, 87–100 Toruń, Poland, e-mail: robert@geopan.torun.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0499-3463 ²Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Research into the Anthropocene, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, Kopernika 19, 87–100 Toruń, Poland e-mail: zachary@twarda.pan.pl,  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-1495  ³Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Fine Arts, Department for the Study and Protection of Cultural Heritage, Sienkiewicza 30/32, 87-100 Toruń, Poland, e-mail: mprarat@umk.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-2009  ⁴University of Wroclaw, Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland, e-mail: wojciech.bartz@uwr.edu.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-2776 Source: Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, year: 2024, vol.: 12, issue: 2,  pages: 5-25. Key words: windmills, industrial herotage, heritage of memory, Poland Language: English online full-text PDF doi: 10.46284/mkd.2024.12.2.1 Title: Specifics of stylised shapes of Chinoiserie-style pavilions as the basis of their restoration Abstract: This article analyses the phenomenon of Chinoiserie style in European architecture. The basic principles of Chinese landscape design and the role of pavilions in the natural environment are highlighted. The fundamental difference between European and Chinese pavilions is shown at different levels – from the structure of the park to the composition to individual details – and it is also shown that European Chinoiserie-style pavilions were a much simplified and averaged version of the Chinese ones. The ambiguity of purpose and variety of functions inherent in ancient Chinese pavilions are lost in European ones, as the “Chinese- style” pavilion is intended for only one purpose – aesthetic entertainment. The appearance of the European pavilion, sometimes called a “tea pavilion”, does not follow that of ancient Chinese tea ceremony pavilions. In addition, the European park pavilions cannot be compared to the most famous Chinese “landscape pavilions”, as none of the former are located in such a majestic landscape with the possibility of viewing from a long distance. Authors: Ivashko, Yulia¹; Chang, Peng²; Dmytrenko, Andrii³; Kobylarczyk, Justyna⁴; Krupa, Michał⁵  Publication order reference: ¹ Kyiv National University of  Construction and Architecture, Ukraine, e-mail: yulia-ivashko@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-9182 ² Kyiv National University of  Construction and Architecture, Ukraine, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7772-5200 ³  National University “Yuri Kondratyuk, Poltava Polytechnic”, Ukraine, email: metr5555@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4757-5218 ⁴ Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Poland, e-mail: justyna.kobylarczyk@pk.edu.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3358-3762 ⁵ Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Poland, e-mail: michal.krupa@pk.edu.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2199-0598 Source: Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, year: 2024, vol.: 12, issue: 2,  pages: 27-41. Keywords: Chinese pavilion, Chinoiserie, stylised forms, restoration Language: English online full-text PDF doi: 10.46284/mkd.2024.12.2.2 Title: Adaptation of the architectural and infrastructural post-industrial heritage of underground mines for museum functions in southern Poland Abstract: This article addresses the problem of developing disused underground mines for museum purposes in cities and towns in southern Poland. Following the reduction in mining activities and the collapse and liquidation of many industrial plants in the region – developments related to both the global situation and the political transformation of the late twentieth century – many localities lost their previous economic basis for development. One of the strategies often used in such situations is revitalisation through culture. Establishing museums in underground mines, which in southern Poland have a history dating back to the eighteenth century, has gained popularity in recent decades. The authenticity of the preserved architectural and infrastructural heritage helps to preserve the identity of the regions by displaying the mementos and achievements of past generations in an appropriate manner. Most of the sites discussed in the paper, three of which are on the UNESCO World Heritage List, use this method of display, enriching the facility’s programme with other elements. There is also a strategy to transform these post-industrial resources to a much greater extent and adapt them to modern functions using contemporary architectural solutions, while preserving the most valuable elements of their architectural and infrastructural heritage. Author: Gyurkovich, Mateusz¹; Uherek-Bradecka, Barbara²; Bradecki, Tomasz³; Gyurkovich, Jacek⁴; Gyurkovich, Magdalena⁵ Publication order reference: ¹ Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Poland, e-mail: mateusz.gyurkovich@pk.edu.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2167-6424 ² Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Architecture, Civil Construction and Applied Art, Poland, e-mail: barbara.bradecka@wst.com.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8222-1488 ³ Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Poland, e-mail: Tomasz.bradecki@polsl.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9459-4545 ⁴ Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Architecture, Civil Construction and Applied Art, Poland, e-mail: jacek.gyurkovich@akademiaslaska.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3920-445X ⁵ Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Poland, e-mail: magdalena.gyurkovich@put.poznan.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4275-0435  Source: Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, year: 2024, vol.: 12, issue: 2,  pages: 43-64. Keywords: post-industrial architectural heritage, post-industrial infrastructural heritage, architectural adaptation, museums in mines, southern Poland Language: English online full-text PDF doi: 10.46284/mkd.2024.12.2.3 Title: The Destruction of Cultural Property of the Muslim Community during the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina Abstract: The purpose of this work is to present the process of the destruction of cultural property of the Muslim community during the warfare conducted on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in 1992–1995. The work is based on historical and press sources in Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian. Field research conducted in 2000 and 2022 to obtain information on the number of demolished and restored mosques in BiH also makes an important contribution. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with Slovak soldiers who served in NATO IFOR operations, as well as with representatives of international institutions. Research results indicate that during the war in BiH (1992–1995) the Muslim community suffered the greatest losses of cultural property. 614 mosques were destroyed. Serbian armed troops carried out most of the damage, while Croatian armed troops did less. After the war, no individual was held responsible for the destruction of cultural property. The case of BiH shows that international law still does not protect religious sites. Authors: Dworzecki, Jacek¹; Wiśniewski, Bernard²; Kujawa, Karol³ Publication order reference: ¹ Military University of the Land Forces, Poland, e-mail: jacekdworzecki@o2.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-5713 ² WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland, e-mail: bwisniewski@wsb.edu.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0011-7271 ³ WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland e-mail: kkujawa@wsb.edu.pl, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3035-0151 Source: Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, year: 2024, vol.: 12, issue: 2,  pages: 65-75. Keywords: war, threat, law of war, cultural assets, religious communities, conflict Language: English online full-text PDF doi: 10.46284/mkd.2024.12.2.4